PHYLOSOPHY FINAL ESSAY Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

MARKETING Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Promoting - Assignment Example As a wholesome item, all things considered, the item will be affected by different full scale monetary highlights, for example, segment, social, financial, political, characteristic and mechanical condition of the economy. With this worry, the ongoing business sector patterns can be distinguished as huge for the development of a nourishment item, for example, â€Å"GoodHealth† and will be considered during the time spent building up a vital advertising intend to indicate the objective market with a lot of promoting destinations for the association. 2. Target Market The present market drifts in Australia are distinguished to be very steady for the development of nourishing items. Purchaser influence towards the utilization of more advantageous food items, for example, oats and fat changed milk is seen to be at a development stage in the present market situation of Australian food industry (Cleanthous and Thuraisingam, 2010). The item, â€Å"GoodHealth† is likewise founde d on these two primary fixings, for example milk and oat containing low fat and healthful particles with due thought to the preferences and inclinations of the potential clients. With these temperances, the objective market of the item will be resolved in the accompanying conversation considering not many huge division factors, for example socioeconomics, geographic, current buying circumstance of the potential clients in the area, buy prepared factor of the item and the nearby natural affecting variables. a. Socioeconomics Researches have uncovered that two specific age-gatherings of clients, for example kids and young people remembered for the age gathering of 2-15 years and the grown-ups matured over 65 years are recorded to devour bigger measures of oat based food items in contrast with the age gathering of 16-64 years olds (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2008). This can be obviously distinguished from the chart spoke to underneath: Fig. 1: Age Distribution of the Consumption of Cereal Based Products in Australia Source: (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2008). Nonetheless, in the present market situation, the pattern to expend oat based items is likewise at an ascent among the age gathering of 16â€40 years. It merits referencing that the number of inhabitants in Australia significantly contains two age gatherings, for example 16-64 years and 0-15 years (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2010). In this manner, focusing on the age gathering of youngsters and youths remembered for the age gathering of 5-20 years or more 45 years will furnish with better development chances to the item in future. b. Geographic Considering the age appropriation regarding populace in Australia, the focused on geographic areas can be perceived as Western Australia, Australian Capital Territory and South Australia. Western Australia and Australian Capital Territory can be distinguished as the geographic districts of the economy to develop with huge speed as far as populace (A ustralian Bureau of Statistics, 2010) while, South Australia furnishes with a serious advantage of bigger utilization of grain based items in contrast with different areas. In any case, the market structure of South Australia is named to be profoundly serious that will make a requirement to the development of the â€Å"GoodHealth† (Williamson, 2011). Assessing these locales as far as accessibility of crude materials and dispersion offices, Australian Capital Territory and South Australia can be named as reasonable areas for the dispatch of

Why Overcoming Obstacles in Essay Topics Is Key to Better Communication Skills?

Why Overcoming Obstacles in Essay Topics Is Key to Better Communication Skills?Overcoming obstacles in writing an essay has been a problem for many students. The difficulty lies in their determination to write the essay but never seem to be able to get it done. The reasons can range from a lack of time or interest to a fear of writing or having to express unpopular opinions. Regardless of the reason for failing to write the essay, overcoming obstacles in essay topics is a key to better communication skills and a deeper understanding of a topic.A successful essay always starts with a strong start. If the start is weak, it will be difficult to move along and progress with the subject. The goal is to start with a strong idea and then go into the technical details of the paper. The outline will help move you through the material and provide a structured environment to reflect upon your essay.Overcoming obstacles in essay topics should begin to develop a strong foundation. One way to do t his is to use the topics of the topics you already know. For example, if you've read psychology and research methods, write a short report on the same subject using these topics.It's important to put your subject into words that readers can relate to. Since so much of the essay topic is about statistics, you might consider turning your topic into a story or a dialogue. These are tools that writers have used for centuries and are easily adaptable to present day writing.When planning your final project, you'll want to set the writing time aside and set a specific time period to write. This allows you to stay focused on the subject without distraction. In addition, the writing block allows you to assess whether or not you are on track and to determine what areas still need work.One more way to deal with obstacles in essay topics is to ask someone else to critique your work. An essay is a collaborative effort, so don't ignore this important step. Write down the ideas they bring up and g ive them some time to sink in.Eliminating obstacles is another way to move forward in the writing process. List down your weaknesses and commit to working on those areas in future assignments. While you may feel guilty about putting your personal life in the spotlight, you'll be surprised at how this helps. Many students struggle with an essay due to over analyzing their feelings, but focusing on your strengths in a more constructive way can help you find a balance between focusing on your weaknesses and doing your best to avoid them.Overcoming obstacles in essay topics can help you gain a deeper understanding of the topic. It also gives you an opportunity to create a more meaningful piece. Focus on your strengths and weaknesses and see where you can improve.

How does advertisement influence peoples behaviour

Abstract In the modern world, advertisement is everywhere. In every abundance walk of life, there are huge competitions. As a result, advertisement has become more important. If you can be more noticeable, it means you would have chances to market. Therefore, advertising has great impact on different people. Advertising, is mainly used in market, refer to marketing message, which is presented by an identified sponsor in extinctive media such as the television, newspapers, radio, magazines and Internet. The term may be used to refer to message presentation in the marketplace. The term may also be extended to show a product in a television program or†¦show more content†¦Moreover, the communications among family members may also impact young people’s interactions. Another significant evidence suggests that advertisement in television effect children a lot. Media influences most children’s requests for advertised products. Another important way young people can be affecte d is peers. At school, children spend long time studying or playing together. They can learn from each other what clothing styles are popular right now or how to wear can get more attention from others. In addition, peers influence a lot in children’s interaction for products. For example, they learn from their friends which stores are cheaper, which brands of selected products are much better. It is logical that if child A and child B are good friends, they always paly together, and if child A likes a brand of products, then child B will be influenced by child A, and start loving this brand of products. Also, there is an increasing evidence show that the more children affect each other, the more products will be purchased by children. Thus, children are the huge consumer group in the world. The effect of advertisements on women in society. In the history, there is a standard of â€Å"beauty† during every period of time. But never like today, all kinds of media, especially television media, trying to teach us what is beauty should look like. In order to satisfy the needs males, advertisements are trying toShow MoreRelatedInvolvement And Motivation : An Important Tool For Defining The Behavior Of The Consumers Essay1097 Words   |  5 Pagesdefining the behaviour of the consumers. It plays a vital role in across all kinds of marketing strategies. In this essay, the term Involvement, Motivation and its relationship between those two factors and further consumer behaviour theories such as self, attitudes and ethics will be analysed. It will begin with the definition of Involvement and link with Motivation will be examined. Then, types of Involvement will be discussed. 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The Quality Of Health Care - 1239 Words

Good is the Quality of Health Care in the United States We hear a lot about the quality of Healthcare within the United States in today’s day in age. Health care quality is pretty much getting the right care to the right patient on time at the right time every time the quality of health care affects everyone in the United States and determines what kind of care is given. In this article the role attachment is how to get good quality of healthcare and where it already stands. There are tons of people out there with health care who can afford and there are those out there that can’t afford it. Although those things are important what kinds of care are they offering out there and if the quality there offering is right? More people today are receiving healthcare as some are not receiving healthcare and some due to experiences some are receiving more than they need. With that being said the United States has not met the standards that they should have in order to have quality healthcare. What particularly is the quality of good h ealthcare? To me in order to get good quality health care it should be available and affordable also care choices and costs and benefits that will allow patients to make decisions about the level of care that is best fit for them also respectful such as privacy, comfort, convenience of care, and security and not discriminating because most of times people get discriminated against whether they have Medicaid, Medicare, orShow MoreRelatedQuality And Quality Of Health Care1097 Words   |  5 PagesQuality in health care is making sure that the patient that is being attended to, is receiving the right care at the right time. Quality means different thing to different people. Some weigh quality on the amount of time it takes for them to be seen. Some say it is the way that they are treated and spoken too. Quality can also be measured by some by the amount of time that they spend with the physician. Quality plays a major role in every occupation. 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Law of Evidence

Questions: 1.Jacks barrister would like to the bar owners testimony admitted as evidence. What is the first question that must be asked in determining whether the bar owners testimony can be admitted: a. Is the evidence hearsay? b. Is the evidence relevant? c. Is the evidence probative? d. Is the evidence opinion evidence?2.Based on your answer above, do you think the evidence of the bar owner could be admitted under this rule? 3.Would the hearsay rule apply and why? If so could any exceptions to the hearsay rule be applied?4.The Prosecution discovers that Jack attempted to drown his step son 9 years ago. The prosecution seeks to have this evidence admitted to prove that Jack has a tendency to drown people. What section will be considered and what are the threshold issues that must be met under this section?5.Assuming that the threshold issues of s97 are met, what would be a relevant consideration in determining whether the evidence has significant probative value under s97? Answers: 1. As per the rule the testimony of the bar owner can be hearsay as it is not an clear evidence because the bar owner did not knew the accused Jack Thomson personally and he did not see Jack Thomson clearly on that particular night he just heard from an unidentified man that there was Jack Thomson at his bar on that night at 2:45A.M. He could not see the man. Therefore in this context the testimony of the bar owner cannot be evidence in this case[1]. The bar owner is not sure in this case and he was depended upon the statement of another identified man, who told about Jack Thompson. The testimony of the bar owner is relevant to the case as Jane the wife of Jack Thomson was murdered on that particular night in around 3 A.M. Thus, if it is proved that Jack was there on that day at that particular time then the main accused jack Thompson would be proved innocent in this case. Therefore, the testimony of the is a hearsay. As per Section 59(1) it is hearsay. 2. According to the rule the testimony of the bar owner can be admitted. As per the Section 59(1) the bar owners testimony is considered as hearsay in this case as the bar owner did not saw Jack Thomson on that night and he did even knew Jack Thomson before the incident; besides this, he only rely on a voice of an unidentified person, because the bar owner did not see the person, who told that there was Jack Thomson. The person told about Jack Thomson presence at the bar on that day at 2:45 A.M which was nearly the time of murder of Jacks wife Jane[2]. Thus, the law cannot ignore the evidence and the evidence should be admitted under the Section 59(1). 3. Here in this particular case the hearsay rule will be applied as the bar owners testimony cannot be taken as proof of the case as he did not see Jack Thomson on that night and even he did not see the man told about the presence of Jack Thomson at that particular bar on that specific night at 2:45 A.M so it cannot be taken as a concrete proof in this case. Moreover, according to the rule in Section 59 (1) it is a case of hearsay. The hearsay rule can be applied to the case as the bar owner did not see Jack Thomson on that particular night, he just heard about his presence at that bar[3].Therefore, it cannot be taken as evidence and it can be hearsay. 4. As the prosecution discovered that Jack had attempted to drown his step son 9 years ago, thus it can be taken as an evidence as Jack has the tendency to drawn people and his wife was murdered by drowning in the pool of their house. According to the Section 97 an individual shows a tendency to act in a certain way. Here, in this case study it is stated that Jack had tried to drawn his step son before 9 years so, there is a possibility that he can do the same with his wife. Thus as per the rule of Section 97 the tendency of Jack to drawn people must be taken as an evidence in this case, where his wife was found dead at the pool side of their house[4]. Moreover, she was forcibly drawn in the pond and it was the main reason for her death so in this case it is evidence that Jack has murdered his wife. Moreover as per the Section 97, Jack was suspected in this case. 5. In case of the threshold issues of the murder case, where Jack Thomson is accused for the murder of his wife Jane as his wife was murdered by forcibly drawing in the pool of their house and Jack has the previous history of drowning people as he was attempting to murder his step son in the same way, thus he will be accused in this murder case. However, at the same time Jack told that he was not present at his home on that particular night but he was at the bar near his house and for his support the bar owner said that he heard somebody to told that there was Jack Thomson at his bar on that particular night at 2:45 A.M. when it is assumed that Jacks wife Jane was murdered at around 3:00 A.M. Here, the statement from the neighbor of Jack also can be considered, she told that she saw Jacks car on that particular night at 2:35 A.M. Therefore, as per the Evidence Act 2008 Sec. 97 threshold issue has been met and the evidences have significant probative value under Section 97. References Keane, Adrian,The Modern Law Of Evidence(Oxford University Press, 2006) Oeste, Gordon K,Legitimacy, Illegitimacy, And The Right To Rule(T T Clark International, 2011) Paciocco, David M and Lee Stuesser,The Law Of Evidence(Irwin Law, 2008) The Law Commission (Law Com. No. 216). The Hearsay Rule In Civil Proceedings(Proquest LLC, 2007)

USC Admission Results for Class of 2021

High school seniors have been waiting patiently by their computer throughout the week to hear back from the schools they’ve applied to. If you applied to the University of Southern California, the wait is over! USC admitted 8,980 students to the new Class of 2021 Trojans. 14% are the first in their family to attend college! Much like other universities, USC also received a huge spike in the number of applicants this year. In fact, they had a 3.5% increase in applicants, totaling a number of 56,000 applications receiveda USC record. This undoubtedly made the decision process for the admissions office even more challenging. The overall acceptance rate is 16%, just 0.5% lower than last year’s. The incoming class of Trojans are a diverse group of academically high-achieving students. 31% of the USC’s Class of 2021 holds a 4.0 GPA and 41% scored in the 99th percentile on standardized tests. And, they come from all over the world. 26% are Asian, 14% are Latino, 6% are African-American and overall, 24% are from underrepresented racial groups. USC also continues to provide financial support to incoming students. With a financial aid pool valued at $320 million, they’ve continued to increase their financial aid to students by 76% over the last 10 years. In fact, two-thirds of USC students receive some form of aid. Congratulations to the USC Class of 2021! To those still waiting on results, good luck! Check out our list of major admission decision release dateshere. Don’t let your application essays and materials go to waste. Turn your success into insights for future applicants bycreating a profile. Plus, you get to earn some extra money!

7 Tips for Writing a Film Review

7 Tips for Writing a Film Review 7 Tips for Writing a Film Review 7 Tips for Writing a Film Review By Mark Nichol When I wrote for my college newspaper, one of the assignments I enjoyed most was writing film reviews. And I was terrible at it, as I soon realized. Why? I was writing the equivalent of book reports: movie reports. Fortunately, I came to my senses and realized that evaluating films and plays and the like (and, yes, books) is more complicated, yet more satisfying, that that. Here are some tips not necessarily in the order in which they would be applied in your writing for crafting movie reviews (which are more or less applicable for reviewing other types of composition, or even products like software or gadgets): 1. If circumstances permit, view the film more than once. It’s easy to miss key elements, or even the whole point, after just a single viewing. 2. Express your opinion of the film, but support your criticism. If you are offended or disappointed or embarrassed, provide a valid reason, even if you think it is obvious. A film review that comes across as a personal attack on an actor, director, or screenwriter or a diatribe about a genre is a failed review. 3. Adjust the style of your review for the readership. If you’re pitching reviews to a traditional publication, you’re expected to be fairly evenhanded (though even mainstream film critics are permitted nay, expected to gently mock particularly inept filmmaking). If your target audience is fanboys (and fangirls) on a movie-geek Web site, though, feel free to take the gloves off. Either way, though, support your criticism with valid observations; hurling invective is not the same thing as evaluation. 4. Avoid spoilers. One of the most pernicious fairly recent developments in the review genre is the careless, thoughtless revelation of key plot points. It’s a sign of professionalism to refrain from giving such information away. Exception: Reviews of previously released films don’t necessarily adhere to this rule, though it’s still considered sporting to warn readers or site visitors to skip to the next paragraph if they don’t want to read something. Some classy sites actually code spoilers to be invisible unless the visitor scrolls over the blank area to highlight that passage in the review. 5. Judge the story. Are the character’s actions justified, and are their motives plausible? Is there an internal consistency to the way each person behaves, or do some words, thoughts, or actions ring false? Does the plot make sense? Is the story line logical? Is the narrative arc well shaped, with an economy of form, or is it flabby or drawn out, with time-killing pointlessness? 6. Rate the actors. Do they meet the expectations dictated by the plot and other story elements? If not, is it their own thespian shortcomings, are they hampered by a poor script, or is there something about their performances that makes you believe the director is at fault? What could the performers, the screenwriters, or the filmmaker have done differently to make the movie work better? 7. Evaluate the technical elements. How do the cinematography, editing, lighting, sound, and other components support or detract from the film? Is music appropriate and effectively employed? You needn’t know film-technology jargon to share your thoughts about how these elements contributed to or detracted from the whole. Writing film reviews is in one way a thankless task: Often, readers will disagree with you, and many people will go to see movies without your wise guidance. How to avoid frustration? Writing about movies, like writing about just about anything else, should be primarily an exercise in enjoyment: You do it because you like doing it. If anybody else out there enjoys the result of your exercise in self-entertainment, so much the better but you’re your own primary audience (and your worst critic). Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Freelance Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Spelling Test 1Top 11 Writing Apps for iOS (iPhone and iPad)Threw and Through

3 Lessons Freelancers Learn from... Bears

3 Lessons Freelancers Learn from... Bears Things that are great about being a bear: You get a diet rich in fish, you’re big enough that most predators don’t bother you, you don’t have to have a LinkedIn Profile, and when you want to go sleep in cave for weeks at a time, nobody thinks it’s weird. Fortunately we’re not just doomed to a life as sad hairless bear-wannabes. There are things freelancers can learn from bears when it comes to managing our work-life, as assembled by Chris over at Rags to Reasonable.Lesson 1: Hibernation ModeUnless you’ve landed a really plum long-term contract or three, odds are your workstream ebbs and flows (or sometimes even dries up entirely). This means you have to know how to match your variable expenses to your variable income- make sure you know how to get your operating costs low and manageable enough to allow even your â€Å"hibernation wages† to last you until your next big paycheck.Lesson 2: Go Where the Food IsThis lesson is both obvious a nd frustrating when you’re starting out and taking every single job that comes your way. Some of them may not be as lucrative as you wanted or as relevant to your overall goals as you hoped. Still,  you take them and accept what the market has to offer since you don’t know if there will be food (i.e. work) if you hold out for something closer to your experience.Lesson 3: Filling Your Fat StoresA positive and negative of freelancing is that when it rains it pours, if you’re paid by the project and not hourly. This means you may work for a while in obscurity and then (sometimes months later!) are  rewarded with a significant check for a large portion of your work.The most valuable tip I took away from Chris’ bear-advice was to remember that check is  not disposable income; it’s not leftover, it’s not actually a reliable, regular paycheck. Make it last as long as possible by being savvy with your spending and strategic with your saving.If You’re Freelancing, Have a Plan For Your â€Å"Hibernation† SeasonIf You’re Freelancing, Have a Plan For Your â€Å"Hibernation† Season  Read More at Rags to Reasonable

My scheme of my school at full time Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

My scheme of my school at full time - Essay Example Normally, there is merely moderate to seldom regard for the impact which drastic technological changes create on the environment and overall welfare of men. On this ground, human nature serves as the evil root or mother of man-made creations. By examining in depth and detail how man’s inventions have fared insofar as the past and some current events are concerned, it would quite fall under keen investigation that the evil of greed, pride, envy, discontent, and their other similar natures, has greatly caused hostile wars as in the World War I and II. Apparently, while nuclear inventions exhibit the height of man’s intelligence and potentials, it is inevitable to realize that due to the evil of greed in acquiring more territories, men are further disposed to make tools of destruction in order to expand the scope of corrupt power. Similarly, the wicked side of technological innovations may be observed to have brought about strife in the criminal act of theft and robbery via online systems in particular whenever one party harbours envy over someone else’s market that this leads to stealing of identity. In addition, people tend to be too proud and conceited with their possession of gadgets that they becom e neglectful of the essence of humility generous sharing with

Consumer Behaviour (case study milk) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Consumer Behaviour (case study milk) - Essay Example As a result, many buyers share a favorable attitude toward Australian milk. The new advertising campaign helps the milk industry appeal to new target audience. "It portrays milk drinkers as likely to have more stamina and to have a better time as beer drinkers" (Case study). In this case, behavior patterns of buyers are influence by quality decisions and unique qualities of the product. This behavior patterns represent how a product is associated with unique personal image and health-conscious appeal (Brock et al 1994). Another step is to reposition the product and change "the way people view milk as s beverage" (Case study). In a short period of time, success is due in part to the product's association with prestige and new lifestyle. The message is reinforced in advertising that urges new buyers to join this group. The milk industry uses the same characters, James and Tom, with sex appeal. Personal values are considered important consumer behavior elements because they serve as determinants of attitudes and have manifested themselves in the formation of buying motives and brand attitudes. Personal values are better predictors of activity preference than demographic variations. Factors comprising items related to cultural activities, outdoor activities, and roots such as visiting ancestral homelands and friends and relatives indicated that personal values were more useful than demographics. Both campaigns are targeted at male consumers. It is possible to say that values are learned and are respons ible for determining self-concept. These values extend to social, family life, entertainment, and other facets of life. New advertising campaign creates a new mode of conduct which the individual believes is either correct or incorrect, and increases number of branded products. Another campaign, "Milk-legendary Staff", is based on emotional and sex appeal. The role of this type of advertising is to change the style of life of consumers beyond economic factors and includes an increasing concern with a sense of well-being. Consumers behavior is influenced by factors mentioned above and reflected their feelings, states of happiness, and other behavioral measures are associated with their expectations. Generally, the style of life is equated with a sense of satisfaction. For milk producers, it is important to create a core of loyal supporters based on their behavior patterns. The advent of customer loyalty is a response to the need to meet heightened customer expectations and face intensified market competition. Customer loyalty can be defined as a commitment to continue to do business with a company on an ongoing basis. To deliver customers satisfaction milk producers consider several options for developing operations strategy. Having the option to choose, and options to choose from, is crucial to marketing dynamics (Brock et al 1994). Without option of choice, they be unable to create a selling proposition and to target their most promising opportunities; and customers would be unable to express their needs and purchase preferences, settling for something less-than-acceptable, or not at all (Wells et al 2005). In spite of positive changes in life style of people and increasing consumption of milk, both advertising campaigns exploit consumers. Advertising message has a great influence on buyers as it is often

The Red Badge of Courage :: essays research papers

The Red Badge of Courage Henry Fleming, also called the youth, is the main character in The Red Badge of Courage. He decided to enlist in the army in hopes of gaining experience and being a part of the war. Although his mother was against him joining the army, Henry wanted the adventure and glory of being part of the war. Henry had many battles to fight within himself. He put off the facade that he was a very confident and strong soldier. But in actuality he was very unsure of himself. He always would question his own masculinity and whether or not he would run or fight in battle when the time came. Henry meets two men in is regiment that he calls the tall soldier and the loud soldier. They all go through the new experience of being in war together.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Later on when they get into battle Henry still has fears of fleeing the battle field. When the time comes to face the enemy Henry ended up running into the woods like many others. After he finds his way back to the regiment he sees what the battle has done to the soldiers. Many of his friends, including the tall soldier, died. Others were wounded. He in a way felt jealous because he didn’t have that wound, â€Å"red badge of courage† that they had to show. Henry continued on in the woods and came across a soldier. He tried to help him but the soldiers wouldn’t let him. In the disagreement the other soldier struck Henry with his gun. Henry went back to his camp and all of the men thought he had been wounded in the battle. He went along with this and many thought of him as brave.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The next day Henry had new insight and was not afraid of the battles.

Institute of Technology Essay

A minor news item featured in MSNBC last month, from which the above excerpt is taken, talks about a 38-year-old aging nuclear power plant in the state of Vermont that is still efficient but appears to pose increasing threat to the environment. The local and state authorities want it to be decommissioned, but the owner of the plant, Entergy corp. , intends to run it for another 20 years. The plant meets one-third of the state’s electricity needs, and the people of Vermont are very much dependent on it for the electricity, of course. But at the same time they have grown distrustful of the quality of management at the plant and the plant’s viability. The future of this plant may not be a national or international concern, but it is a crucial issue for the local people. The fundamental dilemma of the situation here reflects, in microcosm, the vastly larger problem of the future of nuclear-generated electricity as such: should we enthusiastically embrace it or wisely abjure it? Many of the rapidly developing countries of the world, especially, tend to be upbeat about the potential of nuclear power, while in some of the developed countries where nuclear power has been put to use for generating electricity for several decades now there has been an increasing degree of opposition to the continued reliance on nuclear power, from the point of view of threats it poses to the environment. As in the case of Vermont Yankee power plant, the basic conflict in the nuclear power sector is between the potential and the potential risk. The Vermont facility has still the potential to supply a large fraction of the state’s electricity needs for a couple of decades more which is by no means a mean feat, but there are signs, such as the recent tritium leak detected at the plant, of the decreased reliability and robustness of the plant. The Vermont news story provokes the question: Can nuclear power plants be robust and reliable in general? The rewards they proffer may outweigh the risks they pose, but even so, do the rewards far outweigh the risks so that the risks – to the extent they are present – can be considered acceptable? A number of countries of the world have benefitted from nuclear power for several decades now with only one major disaster to speak of so far. But how many closely averted disasters such as the Three-Mile Island incident of 1979 there might have been — it is difficult to estimate. Because, as can be seen in the case of Vermont facility, there is apparently a widespread culture of â€Å"leaks and lies† in the nuclear power sector, which tends to neatly cover up inefficiencies, mismanagement, breaches, increased risks and so on. The world’s experience with nuclear-generated electricity so far could be seen as a trial or an experiment, based on which we are compelled to take decisions regarding the future of nuclear power. Should the world’s reliance on nuclear power be dramatically expanded, as advocated by many nuclear power enthusiasts and as was initially expected when nuclear power technologies were developing in the 1950’s? Or, should we gradually phase out our dependence on nuclear power and switch to much safer alternatives, or should a middle way be adopted? There are many well-informed people who would like to see all nuclear power plants shut down — how far are their fears valid? Literature Review: 1) Massachusetts Institute of Technology. (2003, 2009) The Future of Nuclear Power: An Interdisciplinary Study. Retrieved from http://web. mit. edu/nuclearpower/ The experts at MIT â€Å"believe† in nuclear power and prominently emphasize the chief advantage of absence of carbon emissions in its production. This study takes a comprehensive, interdisciplinary approach to assessing the feasibility of nuclear power. While the basic stance of MIT favors the increased use of nuclear power, the risks are not downplayed. The issues that the nuclear industry faces are tackled in a clear and detailed way. The study does succeed in inspiring confidence in the potential of nuclear power. Though the fears and concerns are not really eliminated, they are not simply vague forebodings of doom now but are based on actual facts and conditions. The challenges can be dealt with, in principle, with more commitment and initiative. 2) Biello D. (2009). The Future of Nuclear Power: An In-depth Report. Scientific American. Retrieved from http://www. scientificamerican. com/report. cfm? id=nuclear-future This is a 4-part in-depth report featured in the Scientific American magazine in early 2009. The first report, â€Å"Find Fissile Fuel,† explores the issue of availability of uranium and other raw materials for nuclear power. The second report, â€Å"Reactivating Nuclear Reactors for the Fight against Climate Change,† examines the ongoing escalation in nuclear power production in the U. S. â€Å"Spent Nuclear Fuel,† the third part, deals with the major issue of nuclear waste management. The final report, â€Å"Atomic Weight: Balancing the Risks and Rewards of a Power Source,† asks the question: â€Å"Is it worth the minor chance of a major catastrophe? † 3) Department of Trade and Industry, U. K. (2007). The Future of Nuclear Power: The Role of Nuclear Power in a Low Carbon UK Economy. Retrieved from www. berr. gov. uk/files/file39197. pdf This is a UK government white paper / consultation document on the relevance of nuclear power in addressing the issues related to global warming and climate change and ensuring continued energy supplies. Though it is a document of advice and information provided to the UK government to help it make decisions, a consideration of the particularities of the UK situation can be useful in more general contexts. In the UK, nuclear power is already making a significant contribution to the ‘electricity generating mix’ and this paper is inclined to the view that it could make an even more prominent contribution. 4) Mahaffey, J. (2009). Atomic Awakening: A New Look at the History and Future of Nuclear Power. New York : Pegasus Books Mahaffey, a senior research scientist at Georgia Tech Research Institute, has written a book meant to interest laymen about nuclear power and its possibilities. He wants to show us that nuclear energy is not the monster it is portrayed to be; while the risks cannot be completely mitigated it can still be used in a very safe manner. One of the barriers to greater acceptance of nuclear power is the general unfamiliarity of the subject, the degree of alienation between the common man and the tall-standing nuclear reactors. The author seeks to bridge this gap by familiarizing his audience with the subject in an entertaining and engaging manner, largely in a historical perspective. 5) Smith, J & Beresford, N. A. (2005). Chernobyl: catastrophe and consequences. New York : Springer The public perception of nuclear power has radically changed after the Chernobyl tragedy. Ever since, people living in the vicinity of a nuclear power plant are naturally beset with fears that their installation does not turn out to be another Chernobyl. And if a nuclear facility is actually having some known problems, as in the case of Vermont, these fears are vastly exacerbated. In this context it is very pertinent to understand what caused Chernobyl and assess how likely is it for a similar disaster to happen again, for broadly similar reasons. Smith and Beresford’s detailed yet uncomplicated account of the Chernobyl incident is useful for developing a mental picture of the events that led to the 1986 mishap, what really occurred and how it was handled. Methodology: This short paper is built around a minor incident at Vermont’s nuclear power plant and the public reaction to it — with the aim of examining the broader implications of nuclear power to the future of the world. We propose to survey the works cited in the literature review in order to glean the opinions and standpoint of their authors in regard to the risks and rewards presented by the use of nuclear power. A special focus is laid on the Chernobyl incident. Results: — The MIT study of 2003, later updated in 2009, is the one of the most authoritative studies in this field. It begins with what would appear like a sad note that despite the great promise nuclear power holds in regard to significantly restricting earth’s green house emissions, nuclear power is virtually facing stagnation. It recommends a tripling of world’s nuclear generating capacity of the world by 2050 in order to turn around the situation of decline. Doing so would help in cutting 25% of the increment in greenhouse gas emissions which would occur if such a resurgence of nuclear power did not take place. The safety of modern reactor designs is considerably superior to those of the earlier models, and there is very low risk of serious accidents. However, the very low risk associated with modern nuclear reactors holds true only when their operation implements â€Å"best practices. † Proliferation is another major concern in regard to nuclear power generation. With increased use of nuclear power, there is increasing likelihood of misuse of raw materials and technology for manufacturing nuclear weapons. The existing international safeguards regime is far from being adequate, according to the report, to meet the greater security challenges of a global growth in nuclear usage. Especially, the kind of reprocessing system that is used in a majority of nuclear power using countries, including European Union, Japan and Russia, poses unwarranted risks of proliferation. Waste management is yet another major area of concern. Closed fuel cycles involving reprocessing are generally considered to offer waste management benefits, but the study is not convinced of their benefits; improved open fuel cycles can offer just as many benefits and they present diminished security threats along with decreased costs. The study therefore recommends open, once-through fuel cycles for facing both security and waste management challenges in a better way. However, the international safeguards regime needs to be improved, and greater efforts have to be put in by the government and the private enterprise to develop better solutions for the waste disposal problem. Apart from the safety, proliferation, and waste management concerns, the fundamental issue in regard to nuclear power is the cost, which is not yet competitive with the other conventional modes of power generation. However, even this problem is not insurmountable, and various strategies are suggested to increase the economic feasibility of nuclear power. Finally, forebodings and misguided perceptions among the public present a great barrier for creating a movement to expand the world’s nuclear power capacity. This, the report suggests, can be dealt with by implementing an intensive program of public education. — The 4th part of Scientific American’s in-depth feature on the future of nuclear power covers many risky scenarios faced by the American nuclear power sector in the past few decades. The report leads us to conclude that the future of nuclear power in the US largely depends on the quality of management of the nuclear installations. So far the US has a rather impressive track record in running the nuclear facilities, and this consistency is likely to continue. — A chapter in the UK white paper on the future of nuclear power addresses the specific safety and security risks posed by nuclear installations. It stresses on the additional safety features added to the latest models of nuclear reactors: Designers of nuclear power stations have taken this earlier operational experience and learned lessons from previous nuclear events. They have added features to reduce the likelihood of plant failures and to limit the consequences when failures occur. (p. 105) From design to operations and maintenance, rigorous procedures can be developed, and in fact have been developed, which make nuclear energy one of the best options for meeting the electricity needs of UK and Europe. — Mahaffey, in his book ‘Atomic Awakening’ raises many interesting points. He observes, for example, that Chernobyl caused only 55 to 60 deaths (most of them being fire fighters exposed to lethal doses of radiation), whereas the Bhopal incident which took place in 1984 in India killed over 15,000 of the city’s inhabitants. Despite the overblown public fears, the safety record of the nuclear industry world wide is relatively very solid. There is no reason why people should fear nuclear power generation more than they fear many other processes to do with advanced technology. Seen from a safety perspective, nuclear power plants are like airlines: a single disaster can create great fear among the public for air travel, but when we look at the statistical record of safety of airlines and compare them with road transport, airplanes turn out to be vastly safer than cars. — In the early hours of April 26, 1986, a massive nuclear reactor accident took place at the Chernobyl Power Plant in Ukraine. A small test procedure that was being conducted went completely out of control, resulting in two non-nuclear explosions that demolished the heavy ceiling of the reactor and expelled the radioactive contents and waste products of the reactor’s core into the surroundings. Chernobyl is the worst nuclear disaster in the history. It has cast a heavy shadow on the entire nuclear industry which continues to darken the horizons. But we must note that the Chernobyl disaster is a result of bad design compounded by bad management practices and a work culture which flouted all safety considerations. One safety feature after another was deliberately suppressed in order to facilitate the test procedure; serious warnings were callously disregarded. The Chernobyl meltdown occurred as a result of operator incompetence on a huge scale, as was acknowledged by the Soviet official report of the disaster. A group of technicians are directly responsible for this disaster, and they committed six serious violations or errors besides many others. Many of the operators as well as managers in charge at Chernobyl actually knew very little about nuclear technology. Moreover, there were certain high-risk features associated with the RBMK design of the Chernobyl reactors. A Chernobyl can never happen in the Western world because the minimal industrial standards here are far superior to those that prevailed in the Soviet Union during the last years of its existence. Conclusion: Nuclear power plants have been safe and would continue to be safe — in the context of advanced nations. But the real problem comes when we consider nuclear energy in the setting of the developing nations of Asia, Africa and Latin America. All the studies we have dealt with so far focus on the U. S. , U. K. and the E. U. How would nuclear power fare in the volatile developing countries is in fact even difficult to outline even in broad terms. The major obstacle for the Third World Countries in embracing nuclear power is the cost. However, in a bid to develop environment-friendly energy sources, Western nations are engaged in bringing down the costs of production of nuclear power. If they succeed, nuclear power production can spread rapidly in the developing countries of the world, and this can have potentially highly adverse consequences. A Chernobyl can never happen in the U. S. or Europe, but it can very well happen in Angola or Pakistan or Columbia. References: Associated Press. Vermont Town Halls Want Nuclear Plant Shut. MSNBC. Retrieved from http://www. msnbc. msn. com/id/35687805 Biello D. (2009). The Future of Nuclear Power: An In-depth Report. Scientific American. Retrieved from http://www. scientificamerican. com/report. cfm? id=nuclear-future Department of Trade and Industry, U. K. (2007). The Future of Nuclear Power: The Role of Nuclear Power in a Low Carbon UK Economy. Retrieved from www. berr. gov. uk/files/file39197. pdf Massachusetts Institute of Technology. (2003, 2009) The Future of Nuclear Power: An Interdisciplinary Study. Retrieved from http://web. mit. edu/nuclearpower/ Mahaffey, J. (2009). Atomic Awakening: A New Look at the History and Future of Nuclear Power. New York : Pegasus Books Smith, J & Beresford, N. A. (2005). Chernobyl: catastrophe and consequences. New York : Springer

Cómo Estás and Other Spanish Greetings

 ¿Cà ³mo està ¡s? How are you? With that simple line — its pronounced KOH-moh ess-TAHSS — you can greet almost any Spanish speaker youve met before. Add to that these phrases below, and youll be well-positioned to make a good first impression wherever you go in Spain or most of Latin America. Spanish Greetings and Similar Phrases Phrases in common use can vary with location and sometimes with age or social status. But except where indicated, those listed below can be used appropriately in almost any situation. Pronunciations given are approximate; in all pronunciations below, the th is pronounced as in this, and the oo is pronounced as in boom. Hola — Hello, hi — OH-lah —  This greeting is suitable in both formal and informal contexts.Hola, alà ³, jalà ³, bueno, diga — Hello (on the telephone) — OH-lah, ah-LOH, hah-LOH, BUEH-no, DEE-gah —  The choice of telephone greeting varies from location to location. Hola would be understood anywhere but is not customary in many places.Adià ³s — Goodbye — ah-THYOHSS  Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã‚  An informal alternative in many areas is chau (pronounced chow, sometimes spelled ciao, from Italian). ¿Cà ³mo està ¡s?  ¿Cà ³mo està ¡? — How are you? — KOH-moh es-TAHSS, KOH-moh es-TAH —The first form (which is informal) normally would be used with someone you know on a first-name basis or when speaking with a child. The second form generally would be used in other situations. Usage can depend quite a bit on where you are; in some areas, the informal form (està ¡s) would be expected where under the same circumstance s the formal form would be used in other areas. If youre a foreigner, chances are no one will criticize you for using the wrong form, although you may be politely corrected.Muy bien, gracias — Very well, thank you  Ã¢â‚¬â€ mwee-vyenn GRAHSS-yahss.Buenos dà ­as — Good day, good morning — BWEH-nohss DEE-ahss —  In some areas, a shortened form, buen dà ­a, is used.Buenas tardes — Good afternoon, good evening — BWEH-nahss TAR-dess —  In most areas, buenas tardes should be used in the early evening in preference to buenas noches.Buenas noches — Good night — BWEH-nahss NOH-chess —  Unlike the English translation, buenas noches can be used as a greeting as well as a farewell. ¿Cà ³mo te va?  ¿Cà ³mo le va?  ¿Quà © tal?  ¿Quà © hay? — Hows it going? —  KOH-moh teh-VAH, KOH-moh leh-VAH, kay-TALL, kay-AYE — There is also a variety of colloquial alternatives, although many of the m depend on the area. The first one given is informal, used as with  ¿Cà ³mo està ¡s? above. ¿Quà © pasa? — Whats happening?  Ã¢â‚¬â€ kay PAHSS-ah. ¿Quà © hubo?  ¿Quà © onda? — How is it going? Whats happening? — kay OO-boh, kay OHN-dah —  These phrases are most common in Mexico. ¿Cà ³mo te llamas?  ¿Cà ³mo se llama usted? — Whats your name? — KOH-moh teh YAHM-mahss, KOH-moh seh YAHM-mah oo-STETH  Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã‚  A literal translation would be What do you call yourself? or, somewhat less literally, What are you called? The first form normally would be used with a child, or possibly with someone of equal social status at an informal occasion. If youre uncertain which form to use, the second one is safer. Also see the explanation with the entry for  ¿Cà ³mo està ¡s? above.Me llamo (nombre).— My name is (name). — meh YAHM-moh (NOHM-breh)  Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã‚  A literal translation would be I call myself (name) o r, somewhat less literally, I am called (name). You can also literally translate the English: Mi nombre es (nombre).Mucho gusto. Encantado. — Its a pleasure to meet you. — MOO-choh GOO-stoh, en-kahn-TAH-thoh. Either of these could be said when someone introduces him- or herself to you. If youre female, you should say encantada  (en-kahn-TAH-thah) instead of encantado.Bienvenido, bienvenida, bienvenidos, bienvenidas — Welcome — byem-beh-NEE-thoh, byem-beh-NEE-thah,  byem-beh-NEE-thohss,  byem-beh-NEE-thahss  Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã‚  Note the difference in number and gender. Bienvenido would be used with a man, bienvenida with a woman, bienvenidas with a group of all females, and bienvenidos with males or a mixed group.